Ii-conductor zeentambo zobhedu kunye ne-aluminiyam.I-aluminiyam i-alloy kunye ne-copper-clad aluminium ephuma kwi-aluminium, ucingo lokuqala kunye nekhebula zi-conductors zethusi, kuba umbane wayo kunye neempawu zomatshini zifanelekile, i-20℃ DC resistivity yi-1.72 × 10ˉ 6Ω ˙cm.
I-China ukusuka kwi-1950s, ngenxa yeMfazwe yaseKorea, kuba ubhedu yinto ebalulekileyo yeqhinga kwaye yavinjelwa ngamazwe ongxowankulu.Abantu baseTshayina basakhumbula ihlombe lokuthand’ izwe lokusabela kwikhwelo lokunikela ngezinto zabo zobhedu kweli lizwe.Ngelo xesha, "i-aluminium endaweni yobhedu" kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, kunye nocingo lwe-aluminium kunye nekhebula njengomgaqo-nkqubo wobugcisa wokuphumeza.Kwezinye iindawo apho ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kungabikho ngqongqo kakhulu, iingcingo ze-aluminium core kunye neentambo zisetyenziswa, nakwizakhiwo ezitsha zokuhlala - iindawo ezimele zixhalabele ukhuseleko zinokulungiswa kuphela.Ngenxa yokuba i-aluminium ingaphantsi kobhedu kwizinto zombini zombane kunye nezixhobo.I-DC resistivity kwi-20℃ yi-2.82 × 10ˉ 6Ω ˙cm, malunga ne-1.64 amaxesha obhedu.I-brittleness yayo yenza ukuba ukudibanisa kube lula ukuphuka, kwaye ngenxa yesimo se-creep, ukuthembeka kokubambisana kuyancipha.Okubizwa ngokuba yi-creep yi-deformation ye-thermoplastic eyanda kunye nexesha phantsi kwamaqondo okushisa aphezulu (afana ne-70 ° C) kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu (njengokunyanzeliswa kwebholiti).Sesona sizathu siphambili sokunciphisa ukuthembeka kunye nomonakalo wocingo kunye neentambo zentambo.Emva kokuhlola ixesha elide, ezinye iindlela zokulwa nazo zifunyenwe, ezifana nokuqiniswa kokuhlolwa kunye nokomeleza rhoqo iibholiti zokuqinisa.
Kakade ke, izinto zihlala zinamacala amabini, kuba i-aluminium conductor wire kunye nexabiso le-cable liphantsi, ubunzima bokukhanya, bunciphisa kakhulu ubuninzi bomsebenzi wokwakha kwaye bamkelwe.
Ukuya kwixesha lohlaziyo kunye nokuvula, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo loqoqosho, iimfuno zomgangatho wabantu ukuphucula, ukulahla ezinye izithintelo, isiphumo ukusuka kwelinye eligqithileyo ukuya kwelinye ngokugqithisileyo, kunxweme olusemzantsi-mpuma ukukhokela ekunikeleni "i-aluminiyam endaweni copper”, ucingo kunye nentambo phantse zonke zisebenzisa iiconductors zobhedu, ubunzulu nobubanzi obungazange bubonwe ngaphambili.Ubunzulu - umyinge wobhedu kunye ne-aluminium conductors idlula amazwe aphuhlileyo, kwaye ububanzi - buyanda ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kunxweme olusezantsi-mpuma ukuya ngaphakathi.
Uphuhliso lwezinto luye lwaya kwelinye icala, njengoko ixabiso lobhedu liye lanyuka, kangangokuba ixabiso lecingo kunye nentambo liphindwe kabini, abantu kufuneka baphinde bacinge.Ngelo xesha, ii-cyclones ezimbini ezincinci, enye kukuvela kwe-copper-clad aluminium cable, kwaye enye kukuqaliswa kweteknoloji ye-aluminium alloy conductor cable evela eNyakatho Melika.Intambo ye-aluminiyam ye-alloy yavela e-China.
Iintambo ze-aluminiyam ezifakwe ubhedu zithi zithathe indawo yeentambo zobhedu.Kodwa eneneni ifanelekile kuphela kumacandelo amancinci amancinci kunye nezixhobo eziphezulu ze-frequency, ngenxa yempembelelo yesikhumba se-high-frequency current, i-copper-clad aluminium wire ingadlala inzuzo yayo.Imigangatho yasekhaya neyangaphandle ikwanqunyelwe kwizixhobo zombane.Ucingo lwe-aluminiyam lwe-Copper alunakusetyenziswa ukwenza iintambo zombane, kwelinye icala, lusebenza kuphela kumsonto omnye, ukusetyenziswa kwemicu emininzi yentsingiselo elahlekileyo, kwelinye icala, iteknoloji edibeneyo ayinakusombululeka, ngoko inkanyamba ngokukhawuleza yaba noxinzelelo oluphantsi.
I-aluminium alloy conductors yi-aluminiyam yombane enemilinganiselo ye-silicon, ubhedu, i-zinc, isinyithi, i-boron kunye nezinye izinto.Iipropati zoomatshini ziphuculwe kakhulu, ezifana nokuguquguquka 靱 ukulungiswa, ukuxhathisa kwe-creep kuye kwaphuculwa kakhulu.Apho inkqubo yokuthomalalisa icocekile, ukuqhutywa kombane kunokusondela kakhulu kwi-aluminiyam yombane."I-conductor yekhebula" ye-GB / T3956-2008 eqhelekileyo yeSizwe ithatha ukuchasana kwe-aluminium kunye ne-aluminium alloy conductors kwixabiso elifanayo.
Enye yetekhnoloji ephambili yentambo ye-aluminium alloy yi-joint.Izinto eziphathekayo kunye nenkqubo yokudibanisa zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela umgangatho, kunye namashishini okuvelisa intambo ezizisa iteknoloji zibonelela ngeenkonzo zobugcisa ngaphezu kokuthengisa iintambo.Ukuba umdibaniso unokwethenjelwa, umthengisi kufuneka atyumbe ingcali ukuba ikhokele ukwakhiwa.Ngoko ke, ixabiso layo liphezulu kakhulu kunekhebula le-aluminium.Ngenxa yemida yenzuzo enkulu, abavelisi ukusuka ekuqaleni kwesibini, ngokukhawuleza banyuka ngaphezu kwe-100, isivunguvungu esincinci siyanda.Ngenxa yokuba amashishini akhoyo ngoku aveliswa ngokwemigangatho yawo yoshishino, kubonakala ngathi kuyafana, kodwa umgangatho uhluke kakhulu.
Yeyiphi eyona lahleko inkulu yeentambo zobhedu kunye ne-aluminiyam?Iimbono ziyahluka.Apha, idatha iyathetha ngokwayo.
Ifomula yokubala yelahleko yentambo yile:
△P=Ι2˙Rθj˙L˙NC˙NP×10ˉ³ (1)
△Q=△P˙ζ (2)
Apho: △P – Ilahleko yamandla, kW
△Q – Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kWh
I-Rθj-Ukumelana ne-AC ngobude beyunithi yomqhubi omnye wokubala ulusu kunye neziphumo ezikufutshane kwiqondo lobushushu θ, Ω/km
Ι – Bala yangoku,A
NC, NP – Inani labaqhubi kwilophu nganye kunye nenani leesekethe
ζ – Ezona yure zininzi zokulahlekelwa ngumthwalo, h/ ngonyaka
L – Ubude bomgca, km
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-28-2024