Ishishini lobhedu, njengelona shishini liphambili kwishishini leentambo kunye neentambo, liye lahlala kunye "neengxaki zangaphakathi kunye neengxaki zangaphandle" kwiminyaka yakutshanje.Kwelinye icala, ukhuphiswano lwabalingane luya lusiba lubi ngakumbi nangakumbi, kwaye kwelinye icala lusongelwa ngabathile.
Njengoko sonke sisazi, ubhedu ngumthombo obalulekileyo wogcino-qhinga welizwe, ngokwenqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yobhedu yangoku, imigodi yobhedu eqinisekisiweyo yaseTshayina inokuhlangabezana kuphela nokusetyenziswa kwelizwe leminyaka emi-5.Okwangoku, ishishini leentambo zasekhaya lisebenzisa ngaphezu kwe-5 yezigidi zeetoni zobhedu, ngaphezu kwe-60%.Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemfuno eqhubekayo, ilizwe ngoku lifuna ukuchitha ixesha elininzi lokutshintshiselana kwamanye amazwe minyaka le ukungenisa ubhedu, kubalwa malunga ne-3/5 yokusetyenziswa kobhedu.
Kwisakhiwo semfuno esezantsi yoshishino olungenawo i-ferrous, umbane, i-real estate, ukuthutha (ingakumbi iimoto), oomatshini kunye nezixhobo zombane ngamacandelo aphambili.Phakathi kweentsimbi ezicatshulweyo, malunga ne-30% ye-aluminium isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu, kwaye malunga ne-23% isetyenziselwa ukuthutha (kodwa ngokukodwa iimoto);Ngokumalunga ne-45% yobhedu isetyenziselwa amandla kunye neentambo zentambo;Malunga ne-6% yelothe isetyenziswa ekushekeni kweentambo;I-Zinc ikwasetyenziswa kwizindlu, iibhulorho, iibhobho, kunye nohola wendlela kunye noololiwe.
Okwesibini, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokwembono yoshishino lwasekhaya kunye nentambo yentambo, ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu lobhedu, kunye nezixhobo ze-aluminium zininzi kakhulu kunezixhobo zobhedu - izixhobo ze-bauxite zaseChina zisezingeni eliphakathi, kunye neendawo ze-310 zokuvelisa, isasazwe kumaphondo ali-19 (kwiingingqi).Bebonke oovimba bentsimbi ekrwada abagciniweyo be-2.27 yeetoni zeebhiliyoni, bekwindawo yesixhenxe kwihlabathi - ke ngoko, ishishini lobhedu nalo libe nefuthe elithile.
Uhlalutyo lokhuphiswano lweshishini lobhedu lwasekhaya
Abona bantu banokuthi bangene kwishishini lokunyibilikisa ubhedu yinkunzi yabucala kunye nenkunzi yangaphandle, kodwa inkunzi yabucala ngokubanzi ilandela izibonelelo zexesha elifutshane, kwaye ukunyibilikiswa kobhedu kufuna utyalo-mali oluphezulu kunye neemfuno zobugcisa, kunye nemithetho engqongqo karhulumente malunga neemeko zokufikelela kwishishini, umqobo. kuphakanyiswa, ukuvinjelwa kokwakhiwa okuphindaphindiweyo kwinqanaba eliphantsi kunye nexesha elide lokwakha kunye nezinye izithintelo, inkunzi yabucala ayinakwenzeka ukuba ingene kwishishini lokunyibilikisa ubhedu kwinqanaba elikhulu.Ubhedu ngumthombo weqhinga lesizwe, lubaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko lwelizwe, urhulumente unezithintelo ezingqongqo ekungeneni kwenkunzi yangaphandle, inkunzi yangaphandle igxininiswe kakhulu kwishishini lokulungisa ubhedu.Ngoko ke, xa bebonke, abanokuthi bangene kwiinkampani ezinkulu zobhedu ezikhoyo abasiso isongelo.
Okwangoku, ishishini lokunyibilikisa ubhedu China kunye processing okwangoku ejongene nenani elikhulu lamashishini kunye nezinga elincinci, ngo-2012, amashishini amakhulu kushishino 5.48%, amashishini aphakathi kubalelwa 13.87%, amashishini amancinci 80.65%.Amandla e-R&D yeshishini awanelanga, inzuzo enexabiso eliphantsi iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, amashishini anyibilikisa imigodi yobhedu kwishishini lokulungisa ubhedu ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, inqanaba eliphezulu lokuthengisa amashishini kunye nomthamo wemveliso yeemveliso ezikumgangatho ophantsi. kunye noluhlu lwemeko yophuhliso.Kuphuhliso lwexesha elide lweshishini lokwenziwa kobhedu laseTshayina, inani lamaqela amakhulu amashishini afana neJinlong, Jintian kunye neHailiang asekiwe, kwaye inani leenkampani ezidwelisiweyo ezifana neJiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous Metal kunye neJingcheng Copper ziye zavela.Amaqela amashishini amakhulu aye aqonda ngempumelelo ukudityaniswa kunye nohlengahlengiso lwamashishini amancinci naphakathi, kunye namashishini okunyibilikisa asekhaya angena kumashishini okulungisa ubhedu kwinqanaba elikhulu.
Izisongelo ezininzi kwishishini lobhedu
Uphuhliso lweshishini lobhedu lukwajongene neengozi ezizezinye.Ngenxa yokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemfuno yobhedu kunye nokunqongophala kwemithombo yobhedu, ixabiso leemveliso zobhedu liye kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwaye liguquguquka ixesha elide, kwaye iindleko zeshishini lobhedu elisezantsi liye lahlala liphezulu, ukuze ishishini elisezantsi linenkuthazo yokufumana ezinye iindlela.Emva kokuba ukutshintshwa kweemveliso zobhedu zenziwe, zihlala zingenakuguqulwa.Okufana nokutshintshwa kwefiber optical ngocingo lobhedu kushishino lonxibelelwano, ukutshintshwa kwe-aluminiyam yobhedu kushishino lwamandla, kunye nokutshintshwa ngokuyinxenye kwe-aluminiyam yobhedu kwintsimi yefriji.Njengoko ezinye izinto ziqhubeka nokuvela, imarike iya kunciphisa imfuno yabathengi yobhedu.Nangona kwixesha elifutshane, ezinye iindlela aziyi kutshintsha ukunqongophala kwemithombo yobhedu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zethusi kuya kuqhubeka kwanda, kodwa kwixesha elide, imfuno epheleleyo yoshishino lobhedu ibeka ingozi.Ngokomzekelo, kwishishini lokusetyenziswa kobhedu, ukukhuthazwa kweteknoloji "yethusi ye-aluminium" kunye "ne-aluminium substitute substitute", kunye nokukhuthazwa kwephethini "yokukhanya kwi-copper retreat" kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimfuno yobhedu.
Enyanisweni, ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu lobhedu, inzuzo yoshishino lwekhebula iyaqhubeka nokugqithiswa, imboni yekhebula yasekhaya "ithusi nge-aluminium", "i-aluminium esikhundleni sobhedu" iphezulu kakhulu.Kwaye ezinye iinkampani zekhebula zithatha amazwe aseNtshona njengomzekelo - i-United States Electrical Installation Code 2008 (NEC) Isiqendu 310 "Iimfuno zocingo eziqhelekileyo" zichaza ukuba izinto zomqhubi we-conductor ziyi-copper, i-aluminium ene-copper-clad okanye i-aluminium (alloy) ucingo.Ngelo xesha, isahluko sichaza ubungakanani obuncinci be-aluminium ye-copper clad kunye nobhedu, i-aluminium (i-alloy) iingcingo, ukwakhiwa kweengcingo, iimeko zesicelo kunye nomthamo wokuthwala phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo - ebonisa ukuba iimveliso zentambo ze-aluminium azikwazi ukuqinisekisa kuphela ukuzinza. ukusebenza, kodwa nokufakela, ukuthutha kunye nezinye iindleko ziphantsi kakhulu, ezinempembelelo ethile kwishishini lobhedu.
Nangona, okwangoku, ishishini lentambo zasekhaya alikwazanga ukuphuhlisa ngokuhambelana nemfuno yemarike okanye lithandwa ngokubanzi ngabasebenzisi be "aluminium endaweni yobhedu" iimveliso zentambo, kodwa isizathu esona sizathu kukuba kwelinye icala uphando lweteknoloji yemveliso kunye uphuhliso alukavuthwa, enye kukuba abasebenzisi bentambo zasekhaya basekwinqanaba lokulinda kwaye babone.Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kweteknoloji "ye-aluminium-substituted copper" kunye nokulungiswa okuqhubekayo kweemveliso, kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kumashishini obhedu.
Ukongeza, urhulumente ukwaphuhlise imigangatho emininzi ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lweshishini le-aluminium.Ngokomzekelo, intambo ye-aluminiyam ye-copper-clad yase-China ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-21 yaqala ukuphuhliswa, okwangoku i-China iye yaphuhlisa imigangatho yoshishino lwe-aluminium yobhedu-egqunywe ngocingo kunye nemigangatho yendawo ye-aluminium ene-copper-clad ibe mininzi.Umzekelo, umgangatho wemveliso ye-elektroniki yaseTshayina SJ/T 11223-2000 “yeCopper clad aluminium wire” umgangatho wokusetyenziswa okungalinganiyo kwe-ASTM B566-1993 “yocingo olugqunywe ngocingo lwe-aluminium” umgangatho, ochaza iimfuno zokusebenza kolwakhiwo lwee-copper clad aluminium conductors izixhobo zombane ngocingo kunye nentambo.Ukongezelela, iPhondo laseLiaoning likhuphe umgangatho wendawo kwasekuqaleni kwe-2008: DB21 / T 1622-2008 J11218-2008 "i-Copper clad aluminiyam yocingo kunye ne-cable technical specifications" (ebhalwe yi-Design and Research Institute of Northeastern University).Ekugqibeleni, kwi-2009, i-Xinjiang Autonomous Region yakhupha imigangatho yendawo: DB65 / T 3032-2009 "I-voltage elinganisiweyo 450 / 750V i-Copper-clad aluminiyam ehlanganisiweyo engundoqo ye-PVC e-insulated cable" kunye ne-DB65 / T 3033-2009 "I-voltage ye-Rated 0.6 / 1 yobhedu ephantsi kwe-0.6 / 1 -i-aluminiyam ehlanganisiweyo engundoqo ekhutshwe intambo yamandla egqunyiweyo”.
Ngamafutshane, oyena mthengisi mkhulu kwishishini leentambo – ishishini lobhedu liyaqhuba ukwamkela imingeni ngaphakathi nangaphandle.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungabikho kwemithombo yobhedu yasekhaya, kwelinye icala, imboni ye-cable "i-aluminium egcina ubhedu" iteknoloji ihlala ikhawulezisa uphando kunye nophuhliso, ngoko ke, imboni yokulungisa ubhedu iya kuhamba phi kwixesha elizayo, kodwa kufuneka kwakhona ukuvavanya ngokudibeneyo iimarike ezinyukayo nezisezantsi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-28-2024